A study conducted by real estate company ProptechOS examined the 100 most populous cities in Europe and the US to identify which ones are most prepared for a smarter future. By looking at 11 indicators of a smart city, as defined by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD), the rankings were based on data such as broadband speeds, tech jobs per 10,000 residents, and access to electric vehicle charging points.

London and Austin were found to be the most prepared European and US cities respectively, scoring particularly high on their technology and connectivity infrastructure, and green infrastructure. Amsterdam and Berlin followed London in the European rankings, with Paris and Lisbon rounding out the top five.

ProptechOS concluded that these cities are leading the way in the development of smart city technology, and that they should serve as a model for other cities to follow in the future.“The cities that will thrive in the future will be the ones best adapted to our new and greener ways of living,” the company said.